Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Schnorr T[original query] |
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Improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), with a focus on hand hygiene, globally for community mitigation of COVID-19
Berendes D , Martinsen A , Lozier M , Rajasingham A , Medley A , Osborne T , Trinies V , Schweitzer R , Prentice-Mott G , Pratt C , Murphy J , Craig C , Lamorde M , Kesande M , Tusabe F , Mwaki A , Eleveld A , Odhiambo A , Ngere I , Kariuki Njenga M , Cordon-Rosales C , Contreras APG , Call D , Ramay BM , Ramm RES , Paulino CJT , Schnorr CD , Aubin M , Dumas D , Murray KO , Bivens N , Ly A , Hawes E , Maliga A , Morazan GH , Manzanero R , Morey F , Maes P , Diallo Y , Ilboudo M , Richemond D , Hattab OE , Oger PY , Matsuhashi A , Nsambi G , Antoine J , Ayebare R , Nakubulwa T , Vosburgh W , Boore A , Herman-Roloff A , Zielinski-Gutierrez E , Handzel T . PLOS Water 2022 1 (6) Continuity of key water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure and WASH practices-for example, hand hygiene-are among several critical community preventive and mitigation measures to reduce transmission of infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. WASH guidance for COVID-19 prevention may combine existing WASH standards and new COVID-19 guidance. Many existing WASH tools can also be modified for targeted WASH assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic. We partnered with local organizations to develop and deploy tools to assess WASH conditions and practices and subsequently implement, monitor, and evaluate WASH interventions to mitigate COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and Africa, focusing on healthcare, community institution, and household settings and hand hygiene specifically. Employing mixed-methods assessments, we observed gaps in access to hand hygiene materials specifically despite most of those settings having access to improved, often onsite, water supplies. Across countries, adherence to hand hygiene among healthcare providers was about twice as high after patient contact compared to before patient contact. Poor or non-existent management of handwashing stations and alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) was common, especially in community institutions. Markets and points of entry (internal or external border crossings) represent congregation spaces, critical for COVID-19 mitigation, where globally-recognized WASH standards are needed. Development, evaluation, deployment, and refinement of new and existing standards can help ensure WASH aspects of community mitigation efforts that remain accessible and functional to enable inclusive preventive behaviors. |
Burden of occupational morbidity from selected causes in the United States overall and by NORA industry sector, 2012: A conservative estimate
Groenewold M , Brown L , Smith E , Haring Sweeney M , Pana-Cryan R , Schnorr T . Am J Ind Med 2019 62 (12) 1117-1134 BACKGROUND: Timely and reliable national estimates of the occurrence of occupational injury and illness are needed to monitor the burden of occupational morbidity and mortality, establish research and intervention priorities, and evaluate the progress and effectiveness of prevention efforts. METHODS: We provide updated estimates of morbidity from occupational injuries and selected illnesses, using current general population incidence rates, the proportion of the general public with a particular workplace exposure, and the relative risk of illness from that exposure. We provide estimates for the total U.S. working population and for specific industry sectors. RESULTS: We estimate that, in 2012, between 5 712 362 and 5 961 620 total occupational cases, including 0.7 to 1.0 million incident illnesses and 5.0 million injuries, occurred in the United States. CONCLUSION: The variety of disparate data sources and methods required to compile these estimates highlight the need for more comprehensive and compatible occupational health surveillance in the United States. |
Burden, need and impact: An evidence-based method to identify worker safety and health research priorities
Felknor SA , Schulte PA , Schnorr TM , Pana-Cryan R , Howard J . Ann Work Expo Health 2019 63 (4) 375-385 The importance of research and recommendations to address workforce safety and health derives from the continuing toll from worker fatalities, injuries, and illnesses. Estimates of the societal cost of work-related fatalities, injuries, and illnesses range up to $2.2 trillion in the USA from 2007 to 2015, which may be an underestimate of total societal costs. The ongoing changes in the nature of work, the workforce, and the workplace in the USA challenge old paradigms of worker safety and health research and require new decision criteria that are more solution oriented than observational and that result in interventions that can be readily applied to new occupational hazards and exposures. As public funding for science research programs becomes more constrained, and the demand for increased accountability of government spending grows, the need to demonstrate the impact or return on taxpayers' investment becomes a necessity for research agencies. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has developed an evidence-based method that uses the criteria of 'burden', 'need', and 'impact' to identify research priorities and aid in the evaluation of the taxpayers' investment in research. This approach, named the BNI method, may be useful to other public and private sector research agencies or entities that need a systematic way to set research priorities and allocate increasingly scarce resources for research while ensuring the maximal return on investment. |
Applying Machine Learning to Workers' Compensation Data to Identify Industry-Specific Ergonomic and Safety Prevention Priorities: Ohio, 2001 to 2011.
Meyers AR , Al-Tarawneh IS , Wurzelbacher SJ , Bushnell PT , Lampl MP , Bell JL , Bertke SJ , Robins DC , Tseng CY , Wei C , Raudabaugh JA , Schnorr TM . J Occup Environ Med 2017 60 (1) 55-73 OBJECTIVE: This study leveraged a state workers' compensation claims database and machine learning techniques to target prevention efforts by injury causation and industry. METHODS: Injury causation auto-coding methods were developed to code more than 1.2 million Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation claims for this study. Industry groups were ranked for soft-tissue musculoskeletal claims that may have been preventable with biomechanical ergonomic (ERGO) or slip/trip/fall (STF) interventions. RESULTS: On the basis of the average of claim count and rate ranks for more than 200 industry groups, Skilled Nursing Facilities (ERGO) and General Freight Trucking (STF) were the highest risk for lost-time claims (>7 days). CONCLUSION: This study created a third, major causation-specific U.S. occupational injury surveillance system. These findings are being used to focus prevention resources on specific occupational injury types in specific industry groups, especially in Ohio. Other state bureaus or insurers may use similar methods. |
An approach to assess the burden of work-related injury, disease, and distress
Schulte PA , Pana-Cryan R , Schnorr T , Schill AL , Guerin R , Felknor S , Wagner GR . Am J Public Health 2017 107 (7) e1-e7 The true burden (morbidity, mortality, disability, cost, pain, distress) of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries is unknown, and what is reported as burden is significantly underestimated. This underestimation affects the way decision-makers view investments in research and worker protection, which in turn has a substantial impact on national welfare and public health. To better describe the societal and individual burdens of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries, we propose an approach to gauge what is known about burden and where new assessments may be made. This approach consists of 4 elements to consider in burden assessments: (1) utilizing multiple domains, including the individual worker, the worker's family, the community in which the workplace is located, the employer, and society as a whole; (2) taking a broader view of the work-relatedness of disease and injury; (3) assessing the impact of the entire working-life continuum; and (4) applying the comprehensive concept of "well-being" as an indicator in addressing contemporary changes in the nature of work, the workplace, and the workforce. Further research on burden and enhanced surveillance is needed to develop these elements. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 18, 2017: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303765). |
Development of methods for using workers' compensation data for surveillance and prevention of occupational injuries among state-insured private employers in Ohio
Wurzelbacher SJ , Al-Tarawneh IS , Meyers AR , Bushnell PT , Lampl MP , Robins DC , Tseng CY , Wei C , Bertke SJ , Raudabaugh JA , Haviland TM , Schnorr TM . Am J Ind Med 2016 59 (12) 1087-1104 BACKGROUND: Workers' compensation (WC) claims data may be useful for identifying high-risk industries and developing prevention strategies. METHODS: WC claims data from private-industry employers insured by the Ohio state-based workers' compensation carrier from 2001 to 2011 were linked with the state's unemployment insurance (UI) data on the employer's industry and number of employees. National Labor Productivity and Costs survey data were used to adjust UI data and estimate full-time equivalents (FTE). Rates of WC claims per 100 FTE were computed and Poisson regression was used to evaluate differences in rates. RESULTS: Most industries showed substantial claim count and rate reductions from 2001 to 2008, followed by a leveling or slight increase in claim count and rate from 2009 to 2011. Despite reductions, there were industry groups that had consistently higher rates. CONCLUSION: WC claims data linked to employment data could be used to prioritize industries for injury research and prevention activities among State-insured private employers. |
Occupational health and safety surveillance and research using workers' compensation data
Utterback DF , Schnorr TM , Silverstein BA , Spieler EA , Leamon TB , Amick BC 3rd . J Occup Environ Med 2012 54 (2) 171-6 OBJECTIVE: Examine uses of US workers' compensation (WC) data for occupational safety and health purposes. METHODS: This article is a summary of the proceedings from an invitational workshop held in September 2009 to discuss the use of WC data for occupational safety and health prevention purposes. RESULTS: Workers' compensation data systems, although limited in many ways, contain information such as medical treatments, their costs and outcomes, and disability causes that are unavailable from national occupational surveillance sources. CONCLUSIONS: Despite their limitations, WC records are collected in a manner consistent with many occupational health and safety surveillance needs. Reports are available on the use of WC data for surveillance and research purposes such as estimating the frequency, magnitude, severity, and cost of compensated injuries. Inconsistencies in WC data can limit generalization of research results. |
Occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities among workers in the services sector industries: 2003 to 2007
Utterback DF , Charles LE , Schnorr TM , Tiesman HM , Storey E , Vossenas P . J Occup Environ Med 2011 54 (1) 31-41 OBJECTIVE: Provide descriptive statistics and discuss priorities for injury and fatality risks among services sector workers. METHODS: Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries data for 2003 to 2007 were analyzed to identify occupational injury and fatality risks for services sector industry groups. RESULTS: Many services sector industry groups experienced, on average, greater than one occupational fatality per week, and survey of occupational injuries and illnesses days-away-from-work rates in excess of those for all US workers. Overall, transportation incidents and homicides are leading factors contributing to fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the need for adoption of safety and health prevention practices in numerous industry groups. For groups that experience elevated injury and fatality rates, priorities for research and intervention can be identified through these data. |
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